Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 143-152 , May 2009

Cardiac CT: How much can temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and volume coverage be improved?

  • Thomas G. Flohr, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Siemens Healthcare, CT PLM-E PA, Siemensstr. 1, D- 91301 Forchheim, Germany
    • Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
  • ,
  • Rainer Raupach, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Siemens Healthcare, CT PLM-E PA, Siemensstr. 1, D- 91301 Forchheim, Germany
  • ,
  • Herbert Bruder, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Siemens Healthcare, CT PLM-E PA, Siemensstr. 1, D- 91301 Forchheim, Germany

Received 8 December 2008 ,Accepted 25 April 2009.

References 

  1. Kachelriess M, Ulzheimer S, Kalender W. ECG-correlated image reconstruction from subsecond multi-slice spiral CT scans of the heart. Med Phys. 2000;27:1881–1902
  2. Taguchi K, Anno H. High temporal resolution for multi-slice helical computed tomography. Med Phys. 2000;27:861–872
  3. Ohnesorge B, Flohr T, Becker C, Kopp A, Schoepf U, Baum U, et al. Cardiac imaging by means of electro-cardiographically gated multisection spiral CT–initial experience. Radiology. 2000;217:564–571
  4. Achenbach S, Ulzheimer S, Baum U, Kachelriess M, Ropers D, Giesler T, et al. Noninvasive coronary angiography by retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT. Circulation. 2000;102:2823–2828
  5. Becker C, Knez A, Ohnesorge B, Schöpf U, Reiser M. Imaging of noncalcified coronary plaques using helical CT with retrospective EKG gating. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175:423–424
  6. Knez A, Becker CR, Leber A, Ohnesorge B, Becker A, White C, et al. Usefulness of multislice spiral computed tomography angiography for determination of coronary artery stenoses. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:1191–1194
  7. Nieman K, Oudkerk M, Rensing BJ, van Ooijen P, Munne A, van Geuns RJ, et al. Coronary angiography with multi-slice computed tomography. Lancet. 2001;357:599–603
  8. Kopp AF, Schröder S, Küttner A, Heuschmid M, Georg C, Ohnesorge B, et al. Coronary arteries: retrospectively ECG-gated multi-detector row CT angiography with selective optimization of the reconstruction window. Radiology. 2001;22:683–688
  9. Flohr T, Ohnesorge B, Bruder H, Stierstorfer K, Simon J, Suess C, et al. Image reconstruction and performance evaluation for ECG-gated spiral scanning with a 16-slice CT system. Med Phys. 2003;30:2650–2662
  10. Nieman K, Cademartiri F, Lemos PA, Raaijmakers R, Pattynama PMT, de Feyter PJ. Reliable noninvasive coronary angiography with fast submillimeter multislice spiral computed tomography. Circulation. 2002;106:2051–2054
  11. Ropers D, Baum U, Pohle K, Anders K, Ulzheimer S, Ohnesorge B, et al. Detection of coronary artery stenoses with thin-slice multi-detector row spiral computed tomography and multiplanar reconstruction. Circulation. 2003;107:664–666
  12. Mollet NR, Cademartiri F, Nieman K, Saia F, Lemos PA, McFadden EP, et al. Multislice spiral computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with stable angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:2265–2270
  13. Kuettner A, Trabold T, Schroeder S, Feyer A, Beck T, Brueckner A, et al. Noninvasive detection of coronary lesions using 16-detector multislice spiral computed tomography technology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:1230–1237
  14. Hoffmann MHK, Shi H, Schmitz BL, Schmid FT, Lieberknecht M, Schulze R, et al. Noninvasive coronary angiography with multislice computed tomography. JAMA. 2005;293:2471–2478
  15. Leber AW, Knez A, von Ziegler F, Becker A, Nikolaou K, Paul S, et al. Quantification of obstructive and nonobstructive coronary lesions by 64-slice computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:147–154
  16. Raff GL, Gallagher MJ, O'Neill WW, Goldstein JA. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography using 64-slice spiral computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:552–557
  17. Mollet NR, Cademartiri F, van Mieghem CAG, Runza G, McFadden EP, Baks T, et al. High-resolution spiral computed tomography coronary angiography in patients referred for diagnostic conventional coronary angiography. Circulation. 2005;112:2318–2323
  18. Flohr TG, McCollough CH, Bruder H, Petersilka M, Gruber K, Süss C, et al. First performance evaluation of a dual-source CT (DSCT) system. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:256–268
  19. Scheffel H, Alkadhi H, Plass A, Vachenauer R, Desbiolles L, Gaemperli O, et al. Accuracy of dual-source CT coronary angiography: first experience in a high pre-test probability population without heart rate control. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:2739–2747
  20. Mori S, Endo M, Obata T, Tsunoo T, Susumu K, Tanada S. Properties of the prototype 256-row (cone beam) CT scanner. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:2100–2108
  21. Rybicki FJ, Otero HJ, Steigner ML, Vorobiof G, Nallamshetty L, Mitsouras D, et al. Initial evaluation of coronary images from 320-detector row computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008;24:535–546
  22. Petersilka M, Bruder H, Krauss B, Stierstorfer K, Flohr TG. Technical principles of dual source CT. Eur J Radiol. 2008;68:362–368
  23. Flohr TG, Stierstorfer K, Ulzheimer S, Bruder H, Primak AN, McCollough CH. Image reconstruction and image quality evaluation for a 64-slice CT scanner with z-flying focal spot. Med Phys. 2005;32:2536–2547
  24. Thibault JB, Sauer KD, Bouman CA, Hsieh J. A three-dimensional statistical approach to improved image quality for multislice helical CT. Med Phys. 2007;34:4526–4544
  25. Boyd DP, Lipton MJ. Cardiac computed tomography. Proc IEEE. 1982;71:298–307
  26. Hsieh J, Londt J, Vass M, Li J, Tang X, Okerlund D. Step-and-shoot data acquisition and reconstruction for cardiac x-ray computed tomography. Med Phys. 2006;33:4236–4248
  27. Flohr T, Ohnesorge B. Heart rate adaptive optimization of spatial and temporal resolution for ECG-gated multi-slice spiral CT of the heart. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2001;25:907–923
  28. Leschka S, Wildermuth S, Boehm T, Desbiolles L, Husmann L, Plass A, et al. Noninvasive coronary angiography with 64-section CT: effect of average heart rate and heart rate variability on image quality. Radiology. 2006;241:378–385
  29. Achenbach S, Ropers D, Kuettner A, Flohr T, Ohnesorge B, Bruder H, et al. Contrast-enhanced coronary artery visualization by dual-source computed tomography–initial experience. Eur J Radiol. 2006;57:331–335
  30. Johnson TRC, Nikolaou K, Wintersperger BJ, Leber AW, von Ziegler F, Rist C, et al. Dual source cardiac CT imaging: initial experience. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:1409–1415
  31. Johnson TR, Nikolaou K, Busch S, Leber AW, Becker A, Wintersperger BJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of dual-source computed tomography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Invest Radiol. 2007;42:684–691
  32. Matt D, Scheffel H, Leschka S, Flohr TG, Marincek B, Kaufmann PA, et al. Dual-source CT coronary angiography: image quality, mean heart rate, and heart rate variability. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:567–573
  33. Leber AW, Johnson T, Becker A, von Ziegler F, Tittus J, Nikolaou K, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of dual-source multi-slice CT-coronary angiography in patients with an intermediate pretest likelihood for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2354–2360
  34. Ropers U, Ropers D, Pflederer T, Anders K, Kuettner A, Stilianakis NI, et al. Influence of heart rate on the diagnostic accuracy of dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2393–2398
  35. Steigner ML, Otero HJ, Cai T, Mitsouras D, Nallamshetty L, Whitmore AG, et al. Narrowing the phase window width in prospectively ECG-gated single heart beat 320-detector row coronary CT angiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;Jan;25:85–90
  36. Engel KJ, Herrmann C, Zeitler G. X-ray scattering in single- and dual-source CT. Med Phys. 2007;35:318–332

 Conflict of interest: The authors are employees of Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany.

PII: S1934-5925(09)00152-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2009.04.004

Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 143-152 , May 2009